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Artikkelit kirjoittajalta Mikko Moilanen

Jyrki Hytönen, Lasse Aro, Jorma Issakainen, Mikko Moilanen. Turvetuhka ja biotiitti männyn metsityslannoituksessa suonpohjalla.

English title: Peat ash and biotite in fertilization of Scots pine on an afforested cutaway peatland.

Avainsanat: potassium; Scots pine; biotite; nutrition; potassium chloride; Cutaway peatland

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Jyrki Hytönen, Mikko Moilanen. Hakkuutähteiden ravinnesisältö aines- ja energiapuukorjuun jälkeen ojitettujen turvemaiden harvennusmänniköissä.

English title: The effect of harvesting method on the nutrient content of logging residues in the thinning of Scots pine stands on drained peatlands.

Original keywords: turvemaa; ravinteet; harvennus; hakkuutähteet; kokopuukorjuu

English keywords: thinning; nutrients; logging residues; whole-tree harvesting

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Mikko Moilanen, Pekka Pietiläinen. Männyn ravinnetilan muutokset syys- ja talvikauden välillä ojitetuilla turvemailla - neulasanalyyttinen tarkastelu.

English title: Estimating nutrient status of Scots pine on drained peatlands with needle analysis - differences in foliar nutrient concentrations between autumn and winter seasons.

Original keywords: turvemaa; PK-lannoitus; neulasanalyysi; ojitus; P. sylvestris L.; ravinnepuutos

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Klaus Silfverberg, Mikko Moilanen. PK-lannoituksen vaikutus männyn ravinnetilaan Pohjois-Pohjanmaan ojitusalueilla.

English title: Long-term nutrient status of PK fertilized Scots pine stands on drained peatlands in North-Central Finland.

Avainsanat: fertilization; peatland; site type; needle analysis; nutrient deficiencies

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The low availability of usable phosphorus (P), as well as the scarcity of potassium (K), are often limiting tree growth on peatlands. Approximately one third of the 5.5 million ha of peatlands drained for forestry in Finland has been fertilized during the last 50 years. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term effect of PK fertilization on the nutrient status of Scots pine on different site types of drained peatlands. Changes in nutrient concentrations (N, P, K) and dry mass of current needles was used for examining the effect of fertilization. The material included 82 fertilization experimental stands comprising a total of 892 needle samples; 434 from PK-fertilized and 458 from unfertilized control stands. The needles were collected and analyzed between 1980 and 2002. Depending on the experiment, a time period of 1–35 years had elapsed between fertilization and needle sampling. More than half (54%) of the control stands had P concentration below the defi ciency limit 1.3 mg g–1, and correspondingly, 48% had K concentration below 4.0 mg g–1. Fertilization increased considerably the needle dry mass and foliar P and K concentration raised above the deficiency limits. The lower the concentrations of foliar P and K and the higher the concentration of N were in control trees, the more pronounced the effect of PK fertilization was. Compared to control, the needle P concentration was still noticeably higher on the fertilized stands after 21–35 years of the fertilization. However, K concentration had decreased and was at the same level as in the control trees. The effect of fertilization was strongest on sites which had been treeless or sparsely forested before drainage and which had severe nutrient shortages or imbalances. The response to fertilization was very similar regardless of the temperature sum of the year the needles first appeared. The results of this study show that the P status of Scots pine could be improved for over 30 years with single fertilization. On the other hand, ensuring the K status will require 1–2 refertilization treatments during the rotation period.

Jyrki Hytönen, Mikko Moilanen, Klaus Silfverberg. Kivennäismaalisäyksen vaikutus turpeen ravinnemääriin ja männyn ravinnetalouteen metsäojitetuilla soilla.

English title: Long term effects of mineral soil addition on the nutrient amounts of peat and on the nutrient status of Scots pine on drained mires.

Original keywords: lannoitus; turvemaa; ravinteet; kivennäismaa

English keywords: peatland; mineral soil; foliar analysis; nutrients; Fertilisation

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Mikko Moilanen, Pekka Pietiläinen, Jorma Issakainen. Pinus sylvestris L. on drained peatlands.

English title: Long-term effects of apatite and biotite on the nutrient and stand growth of Scots pine.

Avainsanat: phosphorus; potassium; nutrient status; Fertilisation; nutrient deficiency; drained peatland; potassium chloride; rock phosphate

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Phosphorus and potassium deficiencies are common in Scots pine stands growing on drained peatlands. In this study, the foliar nutrient concentrations and stand growth were monitored after the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilisers of different solubility in four experiments on thick-peated drained peatlands in northern central Finland. The studied stands involved three fertilisation treatments: (i) unfertilised control, (ii) rock phosphate and potassium chloride, and (iii) apatite and biotite. The growth of stands was monitored 20–25 years after the fertilisation. Needles were sampled four times: 4–9, 11–14, 16–19 and 21–24 years after the fertilisation. According to foliar analyses, the trees on the control plots suffered from severe phosphorus and potassium deficiencies. Rock phosphate and apatite fertilisation increased the foliar phosphorus concentrations above the deficiency limit, and the effect was still noticeable 21–24 years after the application. Both potassium sources, that is, the slowly soluble biotite and the water-soluble potassium chloride increased the foliar potassium concentration to an adequate level. Potassium chloride increased the concentrations faster and stronger than biotite during the first years (4–9) after the applications. The situation was reversed when 11–14 years or more had passed from the fertilisation: the biotite fertilised stands had higher potassium concentrations. The fertilisation treatments decreased the foliar nitrogen, zinc, manganese, copper and boron concentrations. The fertiliser applications increased the stand volume growth considerably. Raw phosphate and potassium chloride increased the volume growth significantly already during the first five-year period. The effect of the apatite and biotite treatment was weaker during the first 10 years, but became stronger with time. During the period 19–24 years after the fertilisation, the stand growth on the biotite plots was equal to that of the plots fertilised with potassium chloride. However, during the whole study period the differences between the treatments remained insignificant. The results showed that slowly soluble apatite and biotite are suitable sources of phosphorus and potassium for pines on drained peatlands. However, to avoid boron deficiency, also boron should be added simultaneously.

Pekka Pietiläinen, Mikko Moilanen, Heikki Vesala. Pinus sylvestris L. on drained peatland after potassium fertilisation.

English title: Nutrient status and growth of Scots pine.

Avainsanat: drained peatlands; needle analysis; Pinus sylvestris; Fertilisation; nutrient deficiency; growth increment; nutrient concentration; potassium chloride

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The effects of potassium (K) fertilisation on the nutrient status and growth of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands on drained peatlands were studied on three field experiments in northern central Finland. The Scots pine stands were at a sapling or pole stage with a dominant height of 3–8 m when the experiments were set up. The stands differed from each other in their nutritional status, for example, the foliar K concentration varied considerably between the experiments. The experiments were fertilised with potassium chloride, rock phosphate (P 42kg ha-1) and urea (N 46kg ha-1) between 1979 and 1980. The potassium doses in terms of elemental K, were 50, 100, 200 and 400kg ha-1. The foliar samples were taken three times during the study period: 7–9 years, 14–15 years and 19–20 years after fertilisation. The stand measurements were done 19–22 years after the fertilisation. The rate and magnitude of stand response due to fertilisation depended essentially on the nutritional status of the trees. The strongest effect of PK-fertilisation was obtained on a nitrogen-rich peatland, where the stands suffered from severe phosphorus and potassium deficiencies (foliar P concentration < 1.2 mg g-1, K concentration < 3.5 mg g-1). During the study period, the annual stand volume growth on fertilised plots ranged from 3.9 to 5.4 m3 ha-1 a-1, and that of the unfertilised plots was 0.78 m3 ha-1 a-1. In other sites, where the lack of phosphorus and potassium was not so drastic, nor did the trees suffer from shortage of nitrogen, the effect of PK-treatment on tree growth was weak or almost non-existent. The foliar K concentrations rose with the amount of potassium chloride applied. The fertilisation effect of the dose of 100kg K ha-1 lasted 15–20 years, after which the foliar K concentration dropped close to the deficiency limit. The effect of the larger doses (200–400kg K ha-1) on the needle K concentration was more pronounced and still visible at the end of the study period. However, the stand growth responses gained with larger potassium applications were not essentially greater than those with the 100 kg ha-1 dose.

Marja-Leena Päätalo, Anu Hilli, Mikko Moilanen, Eila Tillman-Sutela. Koivuverhopuuston tiheyden ja kuusialikasvoksen pituuden tasauksen vaikutus taimikon pituuskasvuun ojitusalueella.

English title: Impact of birch crop density and heigth equalization of Norway spruce understorey on spruce seedlings' height growth on a drained peatland.

Avainsanat: Betula pubescens; Picea abies; drained peatland; height equalization; height growth; natural seedlings; nurse crop density; understorey

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Anu Hilli, Marja-Leena Päätalo, Mikko Moilanen, Marja-Leena Piiroinen. Verhopuuston tiheyden ja lannoituksen vaikutus kuusen taimien pituuskasvuun ojitetulla turvemaalla.

English title: The effect nurse crop density and fertilization on the height growth of Norway spruce seedlings on drained peatland.

Avainsanat: peatland; Foliar nutrients; Betula pubescens; growth responses; Picea abies; planting; release cutting

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Seppo Kaunisto, Mikko Moilanen, Jorma Issakainen. Apatiitti- ja flogopiittilannoituksen vaikutus männyn neulasten ravinnepitoisuuksiin ojitetuilla rämeillä.

English title: Effect of apatite and phlogopite application on the needle nutrient concentrations of Pinus sylvestris (L.) on drained pine mires.

Avainsanat: peatland; Scots pine; nutrition; Fertilisation; macronutrient; micronutrient

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Timo Penttilä, Mikko Moilanen. Lannoituksen vaikutus hieskoivikoiden kasvuun ja ravinnetilaan ojitetuilla turvemailla Pohjois-Suomessa.

English title: Effect of fertilization on growth and foliar nutrient status of pubescent birch stands on drained mires in northern Finland.

Avainsanat: nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; peatland; Foliar nutrients; Betula pubescens; growth responses

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Risto Lauhanen, Mikko Moilanen, Klaus Silfverberg, Heikki Takamaa, Jorma Issakainen. Puutuhkalannoituksen kannattavuus eräissä ojitusaluemänniköissä.

English title: The profitability of wood ash-fertilizing of drained peatland Scots pine stands.

Avainsanat: Scots pine; wood ash; forest fertilization; internal rate of return; net present value; stem volume

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Mikko Moilanen, Timo Penttilä, Jorma Issakainen. Lannoituksen vaikutus kuusikoiden kasvuun ja ravinnetilaan ojitetuilla turvemailla Pohjois-Suomessa.

English title: Effects of fertilization on tree growt and nutrient status of Norway spruce stands on drained peatlands in northern Finland.

Avainsanat: nitrogen; phosphorus; potassium; Foliar nutrients; growth responses; mires; Picea abies

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Mikko Moilanen. Tuloksia suursararämeen männikön jatkolannoituksesta Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla ja Kainuussa.

English title: Results on refertilization of large sedge swamp pine stands in the North Ostrobothnia and Kainuu area.

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Mikko Moilanen, Hannu Hökkä. PK-lannoituksella aikaansaadun kasvureaktion suuruus riippuu ojitusaluemännikön ravinnetilasta.

English title: The growth response of Scots pine to PK fertilization depends on the nutrient status of the stand on drained peatlands.

Original keywords: lannoitus; turvemaa; puuston kasvu; ravinnepuutokset

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