Artikkelit kirjoittajalta Jukka Turunen
Luonnontilaisten soiden pitkänajan- ja nykykertymät boreaalisella ja subarktisella kasvillisuusvyöhykkeellä: katsaus.
English title: Past and present carbon accumulation in undisturbed boreal and subarctic mires: a review.
Avainsanat:
fens;
climate change;
carbon accumululation;
bogs;
boreal region;
subarctic region;
Holocene
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This review integrates the results from several recent studies on carbon (C) accumulation in undisturbed boreal and subarctic mire ecosystems in Finland, Sweden, Russia, Canada, and USA. Generally, a large variation in the average long-term apparent rate of carbon accumulation (LORCA) has been found among mires based on the mire type, age and geographical location. The differences in LORCA between the raised bog region and the aapa mire regions were found to be significant. The updated LORCA for undrained boreal and subarctic mire regions has been estimated at 13–20 g C m–2 a–1 throughout the Holocene, which is clearly lower than previous estimates for these northern mire regions. The age of the peat column is an important predictor of C accumulation and has to be taken into account when comparing results. The results indicate a rapid mire expansion in southern Finland from ca. 10 500 to 8500 cal. year BP, from 5000 to 3000 cal. year BP and around 2000 cal. year BP. In northern Finland the extensive mire expansion occurred from ca. 10500 to 8000 cal. year BP. The recent apparent rate of C accumulation (RERCA) in boreal and subarctic mire regions over the past 100 to 200 years ranges from 30 to 120 g C m-2 a-1. The future C balance scheme of mires is also briefly discussed. Key words: carbon accumulation, bogs, fens, boreal region, subarctic region, Holocene, climate change
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Turunen,
Geological Survey of Finland, Kuopio Unit, P.O. Box 1237, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Typpioksiduulivirrat suunnitellun Vuotoksen tekojärven alueen soilta.
English title: Fluxes of nitrous oxide on natural peatlands in Vuotos, an area projected for a hydroelectric reservoir in northern Finland.
Avainsanat:
global change;
Northern boreal peatlands;
climate warming;
flooding;
greenhouse gas emission;
hydro dam
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Nitrous oxide (N2O) fluxes were measured on ten natural minerotrophic peatlands in an area planned for a hydroelectric reservoir (Vuotos) in northern Finland. The mean N2O fluxes from the sites with mean water tables from –25 to 3.4 cm (negative below the peat surface) ranged from –30 to 230 µg m–2 d–1 during summer 1994. At the driest site, the herb-grass spruce mire with the mean water table at –38 cm, the mean summertime N2O emission was 940 µg m-2 d-1 in 1994, attributable to the increased N2O release at low peat temperatures in autumn. A similar increase in the N2O emissions was not found in 1995, as the measurements were finished before the peat started to freeze. The mean N2O fluxes at the sites correlated negatively with the mean water table levels. The peatlands in the northern boreal zone are unlikely important sources of atmospheric N2O in their natural state. The planned reservoir would barely have large long-term N2O emissions from the pelagic zone, but the importance of temporally flooded areas in the postflood N2O release is uncertain similar to the short-term emissions following the flooding.
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Huttunen,
Research and Development Unit of Environmental Health, Department of Environmental Sciences, Bioteknia 2, University of Kuopio, PO Box 1627, FIN-70211 Kuopio, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Nykänen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Turunen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Nenonen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Martikainen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Ojituksen vaikutus luonnon monimuotoisuuteen, ilmastoon ja vesistöihin – yhteenveto.
Soiden käyttö Suomessa.
Erityyppisten turvekairojen vertailu tilavuustarkkojen näytteiden otossa.
English title: Comparison of different types of peat corers in volumetric sampling.
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As part of an investigation of the long-term effects of ditch-draining on peat deposits, we cored peat samples altogether from 51 peatland sites that had been earlier inventoried by volumetric coring by the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK) during the 1980s. In most cases, it proved possible to match the old and new profiles cored of the same site, especially concerning their lower parts, in which typically no big changes seem to have taken place. However, comparison of the results revealed a recurring, albeit not systematic bias: the dry bulk density values of the GTK data tended to be somewhat smaller than our corresponding results. In cases where peat compression can be ruled out, a plausible explanation is that the piston corer did not function properly. This paper describes a test series in which we compared the GTK piston corer, a 1-m box corer and a Russian peat corer in quantitative sampling of peat strata. The piston corer proved to have a slight tendency to underperform, particularly with peats rich in sedge, cottongrass or wood remains. Implications of the variable sampler performance on quantitative peat inventories are discussed.
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Pitkänen,
Aki Pitkänen, Deparment of Biology, University of Eastern Finland, P.O.Box 111, FI-80101 Joensuu, Finland, email: aki.pitkanen@uef.fi
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Turunen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Simola, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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