Artikkelit jotka sisältää sanan 'cutaway peatlands'
Koivun soveltuvuus suonpohjien metsittämisessä Irlannissa.
English title: The potential of birch afforestation as an after-use option for industrial cutaway peatlands.
Avainsanat:
fertilization;
Biomass;
natural regeneration;
downy birch;
cutaway peatlands;
sowing;
shelter
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In the next few decades, industrial peat extraction will cease gradually over more than 80,000 hectares of cutaway peatlands in Ireland and alternative land uses will change the landscape of these areas. This study showed that substantial natural regeneration of downy birch (Betula pubescens) can occur on abandoned as well as cutaway peatlands afforested with conifers. Natural seedling birch stands measured in this study had an estimated biomass production of between 3100 and 5800 kg dry matter ha–1 year–1. This corresponded to an annual carbon stock increment estimated at between 1500 and 2900 kg C ha–1. Direct sowing experiments conducted in this study were the first of their kind in Ireland and showed that sowing downy birch and fertilization with P and K could be a possible management option for the after-use of cutaway peatlands. Exposure was the main obstacle to successful germination and artificial shelter led to higher rates of germination and survival of birch seedlings after the first winter. It can be concluded that birch (naturally or artificially established) can be a feature of this future landscape, bringing many attributes: nurse species, biomass, increased woodland cover and biodiversity.
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Renou-Wilson,
F. Renou-Wilson, School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4. Tel: +353 17167725; Fax: +353 17161102; email: Florence.Renou@ucd.ie
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Pöllänen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Byrne, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Wilson, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Farrell, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Tutkimuksia suonpohjien jälkikäyttömahdollisuuksista Irlannissa.
English title: Tomorrow's landscapes: studies in the after-uses of industrial cutaway peatland in Ireland.
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With the cessation of industrial peat harvesting, there is an opportunity to create new landscapes that can confer both socio-economic and ecological benefits. This paper reviews over 50 years of study in the after-use potential of industrial cutaway peatlands in Ireland. The options for after-use are determined to a large extent by the residual peat type, hydrological constraints, geographic location and economic considerations. Over the years, the main areas of investigation have included commercially driven options such as agriculture, forestry, and biomass production, as well as the more ecological and environmental options such as dryland recolonisation and wetland creation/restoration. In that time, the emphasis has continually changed as new research has emerged, in turn directing and shaping decision-making. By 2050, around 80000 ha of harvested peatlands will have become available for other uses. As such, a coherent post-harvesting strategy, underpinned by previous and future research, is essential in order to maximise the potential of these new ecosystems.
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Renou,
School of Biology and Environmental Science, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, University College Dubline, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Egan, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Wilson, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Jatkolannoituksen ja kasvatustiheyden vaikutus nuorten mäntymetsiköiden ravinnetilaan sekä puuston ja juuriston kehitykseen paksuturpeisella suonpohjalla.
English title: Effect of refertilisation and growing on the nutrition, growth and root development of young Scots pine stands in a peat cutaway area with deep peat layers.
Avainsanat:
afforestation;
root penetration;
Pinus sylvestris;
nutrition;
Fertilisation;
cutaway peatlands;
N/P ratio
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The effects of refertilisation and growing density on the soil and tree nutrition, root
penetration and growth of Scots pine stands were studied in a cutaway peatland area
with deep peat layers. The fertilisation treatments were control, N1975+PKB1985 and
PK1975+PKB1996 refertilisations and those of the growing density <1 300, 1 654 and
1 954 trees ha-1. The maximum root penetration varied between 26 and 34 cm independently
of the treatments. The N/P ratios in pine needles were quite high even on the
refertilised plots (11.6-15.7). The duration of P fertilisation seems to be shorter (about
15 years) on cutaway peatlands with deep peat layers than on drained peatland forests.
The greatest yield without natural removal (239 m3 ha-1, on an average) in 35-years-old
stands was measured on plots, which had the highest growing density and had been
repeatedly fertilised with PK. The results show that quite a high yield of Scots pine can
be reached on cutaway peatlands. However, pine has to be fertilised with PK at the
afforestation stage and at least once later if the remaining peat layer is 40-60 cm, and
possibly several broadcast fertilisations are needed on peat layers deeper than 60 cm. It
seems that growing tree stands on cutaway peatlands in higher densities than in conventional
forestry may improve nutrient cycling in stands and hence decrease leaching
of nutrients from the site.
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Aro,
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano Research Station, Kaironiementie 54, FIN-39700 Parkano
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Kaunisto, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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