Artikkelit kirjoittajalta Kirsti Haihu
Maatumisen vaikutus rahka- ja saraturpeista orgaanisilla liuottimilla uuttautuvan aineksen koostumukseen.
English title: Effect of humification on the composition of the solvent-extractable matter in Sphagnum and Carex peats.
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Solvent-extractable matter of Sphagnum (S) and Carex (C) peats of different degrees of humification (S, H2-H8; C, H3-H8) were isolated, saponified and analyzed. The C peat material was found to contain more extract than the S peat (C, 9.3%; S, 5.9%, on average). In both peat series the extract content increased with increasing degree of humification. In both peats the unsaponifiable, non-volatile polymeric matter comprised the biggest part, nearly one half on average, of the saponified extracts, which also were analyzed for their lipid components and other volatile materials. These fractions accounted for over one third and nearly one fifth, respectively. The total amounts of all these three categories generally increased, as did those of the individual lipid groups, with increasing humification. However, the relative minimum of the polymers and the relative maximum of the analyzed lipid compounds were found in the samples of H4 in both peat series. Fatty and ω-hydroxy acids were the most abundant lipid groups, together accounting for 70-90% of the analyzed lipids. Sterols and 1-alkanols were clearly more abundant in the S peat. The relative amounts of the lipid groups did not show a distinct dependence on the degree of humification in either peat series. The individual lipid group compositions of both peat types were very similar although some exceptions were found.
Keywords: Carex , humification, peat lipids, Sphagnum
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Lehtonen,
Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, SF-20500 Turku, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Ketola, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Haihu, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Pihlaja, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Turvelajin mikroskooppisesta määrityksestä.
English title: Two microscopic methods for the determination of peat types.
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Preparation of peat samples, identification of tissues and estimation of constituents are important in microscopic determination of peat type. Two microscopic methods for determining peat type are described: a wet sieving method and a drying, pulverizing and KOH solution method.
The wet sieving method does not involve a tissue-destroying base or acid treatment. In both methods slides are prepared from the peat suspension by pipetting and drying. The tissues are then identified under a microscope and checked by reference to literature and a slide collection. The amount of peat factors is estimated by the point frequency method. The wet sieving method is simpler and gives a higher proportion of better preserved tissues, making tissue identification more reliable.
Key words: peat type, epidermic tissues, wet sieving, point frequency method, microscopy.
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Haihu,
University of Turku, Department of Chemistry, SF-20500 Turku, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Etelämäki, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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