Suo - Mires and peat vol. 50 no. 1 | 1999
Katsaus viimeaikaisiin tutkimuksiin mustakuusen (Picea mariana) kasvatuksesta Pohjois-Ontarion turvemailla.
English title: Recent studies on black spruce management on peatlands in northern Ontario. A literature review.
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Black spruce (Picea mariana, (Mill.) B.S.P.) has been traditionally managed as evenaged stands with artificial or natural regeneration on peatlands of northern Ontario Clay Belt region. However, lack of resources to make artificial regeneration on all clear-cuts and harvest methods unfavorable for natural regeneration often resulted in unsatisfactory regeneration. As a consequence, alternative management methods have been introduced for peatland black spruce, and this literature review discusses studies of these methods. In natural stands, both evenaged and uneven-aged structures may be found, while the second-growth stands originating from old horse-logging are mostly uneven-aged, with abundant advance growth. Currently, mechanized harvest with regeneration protection has been shown to sufficiently preserve residual trees and subsequently produce stands that are heterogeneous with respect to the size structure. In second-growth stands, uneven-aged management can be implemented with minimum diameter limits determined from stand structure and cut-to-length harvesting. Such management perpetuates a stand structure appropriate for uneven-aged management. Simulation study has been made to estimate black spruce yield under uneven-aged management with varying cutting cycle and minimum diameter limit. It seems that in some peatland sites uneven-aged management is a possibility to manage black spruce.
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Hökkä,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Rovaniemi Research station, P.O. Box 16, FIN-96301 Rovaniemi, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Groot, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Turvemaapeltojen maan ominaisuudet ja niiden vaikutus hieskoivujen alkukehitykseen Pohjois-Savossa.
English title: Soil properties of peat-based fields and their effect on the initial development of downy birch in Pohjois-Savo, southern Finland.
Avainsanat:
Bulk density;
nutrients;
downy birch;
growth disorder;
nutrient relations;
peat based field
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The present study looked into the soil properties of twenty-four peat-based field by
examining the 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm soil layers and thc effect that soil
properties have on the initial development of young stands of downy birch growing in
Pohjois-Savo, southern Finland. Adding of mineral soil to peat-based fields and the
decomposition and subsidence of peat had resulted in increasing the bulk density of the
peat, especially in the tilling layer. Also, the amounts of nutrients in the tilling layer
were higher than in the layer below. Together with fertilization, the addition of mineral
soil had increased the soil's nutrient amounts manyfold compared to virgin mires and
mires drained for forestry. Eighthy-one per cent of the trees were alive. The share of
viable trees had fallen to half of the planting density, being now just 840 trees per
hectar. The increase in the amount of extractable potassium and total copper in the soil
improved the growth of young stands and reduced the proportion of trees of inferior
quality. Growth disorders were observed in downy birch, and these were probably caused
by increases in the ratios of the amounts of main nutrients and micro-nutrients in the
soil. The ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus to copper was reflected best of all in the
growth of young stands. An increase in the amount of soil nitrogen and phosphorus in
relation to the amount of soil copper impaired stand growth and promoted the occurrence
of trees afflicted by growth disorders.
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Hynönen,
Pohjois-Savo Forestry Centre, P.O. Box 1019, FIN-70101 Kuopio, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Makkonen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Apatiitti- ja flogopiittilannoituksen vaikutus männyn neulasten ravinnepitoisuuksiin ojitetuilla rämeillä.
English title: Effect of apatite and phlogopite application on the needle nutrient concentrations of Pinus sylvestris (L.) on drained pine mires.
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Pine nutrition was monitored after the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilisers of different solubility in 12 experiments on drained mires in northern Central Finland. Ten experiments involved the following three treatments: (i) control, (ii) fertilisation with rock phosphate and potassium chloride, and (iii) fertilisation with apatite ore or enriched apatite and phlogopite. Two experiments focused on the fertiliser amount. In seven experiments needle samples were collected three times: 3-7, 11-14 and 16-19 years after fertilisation and in the others once or twice (after 10-17 years). The stands suffered from phosphorus and potassium shortage on the unfertilised plots. Rock phosphate had raised the needle phosphorus concentrations slightly more than apatite by 5-7 and 11-14 years after fertilisation. By the last sampling apatite (16-19 years after) had raised the concentrations to about the same or to a higher level than rock phosphate. Potassium chloride raised the concentrations more than phlogopite during the first few years after fertilisation but the situation had reversed by 11-14 years. Five years later the change was even more pronounced. The needle potassium concentrations increased slightly with the increasing application amounts on the nitrogen-rich sites. Fertilisation with PK lowered the needle zinc, manganese, copper and boron concentrations especially on the nitrogen-rich sites.
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Kaunisto,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Parkano Research Station, Kaironiementie 54, FIN-39700 Parkano, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Moilanen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Issakainen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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