Artikkelit kirjoittajalta Bjørn Kløve
Turpeen hydrauliset ominaisuudet kunnallisten jätevesien ja turvetuotantoalueen valumavesien puhdistukseen rakennetuissa kosteikkopuhdistamoissa.
English title: Hydraulic soil properties of peatlands treating municipal wastewater and peat harvesting runoff.
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Peat hydraulic conductivity (K), specific yield (S), degree of humification and shear strength were measured at two wetland treatment systems constructed on natural peatlands receiving different wastewater quality and loading in Northern Finland. Peat K was measured with a falling head piezometer test in situ and by taking soil cores in horizontal and vertical directions using Eijkelkamp cylinders. Peat S was obtained from pF-curves and drainage tests. The K in situ was 5.2x10-7 - 2.9x10-3m s-1, the horizontal K was 6.1x10-6 - 3.8x10-2 m s-1 and the vertical K was 4.2x10-6 - 2.6x10-2m s-1. The highest K value was usually found in the vertical direction. The estimated acrotelm layer with high K reached 40 - 60 cm at Kompsasuo wetland and 10 - 60cm at Ruka wetland. There was an agreement between different measurement methods for S when pF values corresponding to relevant negative pressure were used. S varied from 0.023 to 0.23. After several years of wastewater loading, the peat hydraulic conductivity was still sufficient to maintain wastewater flow in the top 50 cm of the peatland.
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Ronkanen,
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Kløve, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Effect of peat harvesting on peat hydraulic properties and runoff generation.
Avainsanat:
peatlands;
Drainage;
runoff generation;
hydrological pathways;
hydraulic conductivity;
shear strength;
soil loss;
subsidence;
peak runoff
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Peat hydraulic conductivity, shear strength, plant composition and runoff at seven peat harvesting sites in Central Finland were measured. A large variation in hydraulic conductivity (10–8–10–6 m s–1 ), peat shear strength (302–413 kPa), and peak runoff (97–898 l s–1 km–2 ) was observed between different harvesting sites. The hydraulic conductivity showed a clear correlation with peat shear strength (r = –0.89), which has not been previously observed. The correlation between hydraulic conductivity and degree of humification was weak (r = 0.60). Soil lowering decreased the hydraulic conductivity and the peat shear strength. These reductions, with reduced drainage depths, increased peak flow and changed runoff generation patterns by increasing the possibility of Horton and saturation excess overland flow.
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Kløve,
Jordforsk, Norwegian Centre for Soil and Environmental Research, 1432 Ås, Norway
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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