Suo - Mires and peat vol. 43 no. 1 | 1992
Viron suot ja niiden käyttö.
English title: Estonian mires and their utilization.
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Tekijä
In this paper, the mire classification system and its development in Estonia are reviewed. In addition the utilization of mires for peat harvesting, forestry, agriculture and conservation are outlined. There are two main groups of mires in Estonia — an eastern and a western type. Mire vegetation has been classified according to site conditions, community composition and structure. During the primary succession of mire communities, a number of fen communities converge to a smaller number of bog communities. The post-drainage succession is also convergent. Estonian mires are intensively utilized for peat harvesting. There is a clear need for a comprehensive mire protection and utilization plan.
Keywords: Classification, Estonia, nature conservation, succession, vegetation
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Zobel,
Department of Botany and Ecology, Tartu University, Lai St. 40, Tartu, Estonia
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Ranskan suot ja niiden käyttö.
English title: The peatlands in France: localization, characteristics, use and conservation.
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We find in France two main peatlands-types: topogenous Carex-fens, in the north and east of the country, and ombrogenous Sphagnum-bogs, in the medium montanes. In total, there are about 100 000 ha peatlands which correspond to a volume of 2 x 109 m3. The amount of extracted peat in France was, in the eighties, 200 000 t (dry matter). Peat is essentially used as fuel or, mixed with German or Soviet peat, as soilless substrates. The fens of the floodplains have long been used for market gardening (tradition of 'hortillonnages' in Amiens or Bourges). Two national surveys were made during energy crises, during the Second World War and at the end of the 1970s following the oil shortage. The law of July 1976 on the preservation of the countryside lists 19 peatlands plant species that are nationally protected. Ten peatlands have been classified as nature reserves and two projects are in preparation.
Keywords: agriculture, bog, fen, peat utilization
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Francez,
C.ER.E.M.CA., rue du Tisserand, Rouil-las-Bas, F-63 970 Aydat, France
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Bignon, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Mollet, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Eteläsuomalaisten metsaojitettujen turvemaiden kasvillisuuden numeerinen ryhmittely.
English title: Post-drainage development of vegetation in southern Finnish peatlands studied by numerical analysis.
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The vegetation data from virgin and corresponding drained mire site types collected by Juhani Sarasto in the 1950's were reanalyzed using DCA and TWINSPAN. The main gradient in the material was a complex gradient called the mire margin-mire expanse -effect. During secondary succession, after forest drainage, the variation of mire site types diminished as the importance of hydrology decreased. The difference between the vegetation of treeless plus composite and forested mire site types could still be detected after the site types had reached the drained peatland forest type phase in their post-drainage succession.
Keywords: Classification, ordination, succession
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Hotanen,
The Finnish Forest Research Institute, Joensuu Research Station, P.O. Box 68, SF-80101 Joensuu, Finland
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Vasander, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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