Artikkelit kirjoittajalta Kauko Salo

As a result of draining and fertilization, the numbers of a few mushroom species native to moist Sphagnum mosses have decreased while mycorrhizal mushrooms commonly found on mineral soil sites have become frequent. The material was collected in 1975—1976 from 38 experimental plots (comprising a total area of 1,16 ha) at the Alkkia experimental area of Parkano Forest Research Station (Salo 1979). The highest total mushroom yield, 528,3 kg/hectare (fresh weight, Table 1) on an average in 1975—1976, was obtained from the Sphagnum fuscum-Calluna plot treated with NPK fertilizer. High total yields were also obtained from plots fertilized with urea only. The mushroom yield was poorest in the virgin pine bog. Lactarius rufus was the most common mushroom species in this investigation. Its fruit bodies formed 86,8 % of the dry weight of the total mushroom yield. The fruit bodies of Paxillus involutus amounted to 8,3 % of the total mushroom yield. The largest amounts of mushrooms were found on plots fertilized in June 1975 with urea and NPK (Table 3). Other mycorrhizal species amounted to 3,5 % and the fruit bodies of saprophytic mushrooms to 1,4 %. Saprophytic mushrooms were common, for they formed 34,7 % of the fruit bodies collected. The total number of all collected fruit bodies was 27 205 in 1975—1976. During the growing seasons investigated the weather conditions differed greatly especially as regards the precipitation and the mean temperatures in September (Table 4). 1975 was a good mushroom year on peatlands. The production of fruit bodies on mineral soils was very poor in that year. 1976 was exceptional owing to the cold autumn and the dry spell in August. The growing season in 1976 was nearly one month shorter than that in 1975 with the result that the mushroom yield remained poor (Fig. 1.).

• Salo, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo

Little research has been done in the field of mushroom flora in the Finnish peatland ecosystems. The mushrooms play an important role in the energy circulation, by producing and decomposing organic matter and by forming mycorrhiza with other plants, particularly with trees (Pinus syl-vestris and Betula pubescens). The computer analysis of the vegetation revealed several vegetational groups, here referred to as vegetation types, which differed distinctly from each other. Dominant species could be found, both from the bottom and field layers (Salo 1979). The moist vegetation types are represented by Sphagnum species and the dry vegetation types are represented by feather mosses and Eriophorum vaginatum (Table 1). This investigation was carried out during 1975 and 1976 at the Alkkia experimental area of the Parkano Forest Research Station in Central Finland. The material was obtained from 38 experimental plots, comprising a total area of 1,16 ha. During the work, a total of 16 843 fruit bodies were collected in 1975 and 10 362 specimens in 1976. From the in-vestigated area a total of 107 species of fungi were found during the growing seasons of 1975 and 1976 (Table 2). Frequent mycorrhizal species were Lactarius rufus, L. helvus, Russula emetica and Dermocybe cinnamomeolutea on the virgin dwarf-shrub pine bog and on the vegetation type of Sphagnum fuscum-Calluna (Table 1). Less frequent species were Suillus variegatus, S. flavidus, Inocybe boltonii, Dermocybe palustris and Corti-narius paleaceus. On the moist Sphagnum-sites and on hummocks saprophytic species Galerina tibiicystis, Omphalina ericetorum, Nematoloma udum, Collybia dryophila (light race), C. tuberosa, Cysto-derma amianthinum coll. and Mycena galopus were frequent. Uncommon were Galerina stagnina, Lyophyllum palustre, Rhodophyllus sp., Nematoloma elongatipes, Alnicola sp., Rhodocybe sp., Xeromphalina sp. and Strobilurus tenacellus (Table 2). 33 species of mushrooms grew on the moist Sphagnum-sites. Where the drainage is older, Pleurozium schreberi has become the dominant moss in the bottom layer. In these driest vegetation types (Pleurozium-Polytrichum commune-Calluna and Pleurozium-Ledum) 40 years after drainage (Table 1) the mushroom flora was abundant. Several species of mycorrhizal and saprophytic mushrooms typical for mineral soils and spruce mires occured, alltogether 92 species. 47 of the species (44,0 %) were mycorrhizal mushrooms and 60 (56,0 %) sapro phytic.

• Salo, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo

Mustikka (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) ja puolukka (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) ovat tyypillisiä marjoja tuottavia metsävarpujamme. Nämä lajit esiintyvät ja tuottavat marjoja myös monilla soilla. Mustikan ja puolukan satotutkimukset ovat kuitenkin pääosin keskittyneet kivennäismaille. Tässä tutkimuksessa koottiin yhteen ja verrattiin aikaisempia empiirisiä tutkimustuloksia mustikan ja puolukan sadosta turvemailla Suomessa. Tulosten perusteella laskettiin sekä valtakunnalliset että metsäkeskusalueittaiset vuotuiset kokonaismarjasatoestimaatit. Laskelmien mukaan Suomen suot tuottavat vuodessa keskimäärin 15,2 miljoonaa kg mustikkaa ja n. 13,4 milj. kg puolukkaa. Mustikan soilla kasvavan sadon osuus on n. 8,3 % ja puolukan n, 5,2 % marjojen valtakunnallisesta vuotuisesta kokonaissadosta. Etelä- ja Pohjois-Pohjanmaalla, Kainuussa, Pohjois- Karjalassa ja Pohjois-Savossa soiden tuottaman mustikka- ja puolukkasadon osuus alueellisesta kokonaissadosta on suurempi kuin keskimäärin valtakunnallisesti. Näillä alueilla esiintyy paljon metsämaan korpia ja rämeitä, jotka tuottavat hyvin mustikkaja puolukkasatoja. Avainsanat: korpi, räme, kokonaismarjasato

• Turtiainen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
• Salo, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
• Saastamoinen, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo