Artikkelit kirjoittajalta Veli Pohjonen
Energiapajujen viljelystä vanhoilla turvetuotantoalueilla.
English title: On the energy willow farming on the old peat industry areas.
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By the end of this century the peat industry in Finland will leave an area of approximately 50 000 hectares behind, an area where the peat mining is over and the problems of further utilization must be solved. There is still a thin bottom peat layer left above the mineral soil. This layer of 30—50 cm bottom peat is a fertile growing media for different cultivated plants. First, as an environment it is exceptionally sterile. There are no weeds, no diseases, no insects. Secondly, the bottom peat is rich, much richer than the surface peat in nitrogen and in calcium. Moreover, the drainage is still in sufficient order after the last peat mining machines. As such, these old peat industry areas are suitable for energy production at a new level: using energy willows for energy farming.
Fast growing energy willows have been studied in Finland since 1973. The energy yields have been promising, from 200 GJ
to 400 GJ per hectare in a year (10—20 tn/ha dry matter). The main lines of the energy willow husbandry have been established. The most important part in it is fertilization.
The fertilization of energy willow growing on old bottom peats is based on the use of ash and booster nitrogen. The yearly removal in a moderate (12 tn/ha dry matter) yield is 500—600 kg/ha ash and about 150 kg/ha nitrogen. The ash is circulated again and again between the energy plantation and the burning plant (for instance district heating unit). One part of the nitrogen is released from the peat resources through mobilization. The other part of nitrogen is given as booster for the early summer growth when the mobilization rate is low. When regarding the nutrient utilization efficiency, the yearly fertilizer need for the old peat industry area is estimated to be 100—150 kg/ha nitrogen and 1000—2000 kg/ha willow ash.
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Pohjonen,
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Italianraiheinän lannoituksesta Pohjois-Suomen turvemailla.
English title: On the fertilization of italian ryegrass on cultivated peatlands in northern Finland.
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A field experiment was established at the Arctic Circle Experiment Station (66°35') in Northern Finland in the year 1970. There were altogether four N-fertilization treatments: 75, 150, 300 and 600 kg N/ha and two PK-fertilization treatments: (43.5 P + 100 K) and (87.0 P + 200 K) kg/ha. The dry-matter yields are presented in Fig. 1, the crude protein yields in Fig. 2 and the crude protein contents in Fig. 3. It was found that the yields of Italian ryegrass were greater, the stronger the fertilization treatment used. The highest dry-matter yield was over
8000 kg/ha and the highest crude protein yield over 2000 kg/ha. Moreover, the crude protein content was surprisingly high: at its best over 25 %. The suitability of annual Italian ryegrass in Northern Finland in comparison to perennial grasses was discussed. The most important advantage of Italian ryegrass is perhaps its annual nature since, when fertilization is carried out, it is not necessary to make allowance for overwintering as is the case for perennial grasses in Northern Finland.
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Pohjonen,
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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