Suo - Mires and peat vol. 35 no. 2 | 1984
Turpeen ioninvaihto-ominaisuuksista. Osa IV: Koeolosuhteiden vaikutus turpeen ioninvaihtokykyyn.
English title: On the ion-exchange properties of peat. Part IV: The effects of experimental conditions on ion exchange properties of Sphagnum peat.
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The effects of experimental conditions on the ion exchange capacity of a column-shaped peat layer were studied. To make sure that the results were universal the columns were prepared from two peat types with strongly different cation adsorption capacities. The cation used was Cu2+.
An increase in pH increased strongly the adsorption capacities in the pH range 1—5. Below the level of 200 ppm Cu2+ the capacity was to some extent dependent on concentration. Because of the rapidity of adsorption the flow rate and column height had practically no effect on the capacity.
The use of peat as an ion exchanger was studied by using a larger column prepared from the low-moor peat sample. The capacity was near the value reached with the smaller column and it remained nearly constant after repeated copper-adsorptions, elutions and washings. The maximum flow rate decreased in the beginning and reached a constant level rather soon.
The peat column worked like an ion exchange resin but the capacity was smaller. The results give an impetus to the use of larger peat columns made from selected, low moor peat for heavy metal filtration.
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Aho,
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
- Tummavuori, Sähköposti: ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Karujen rämeiden ja nevojen ojituksista, erityisesti Etelä-Pohjanmaalla.
English title: Unprofitable forestry drainage of sparsely tree covered and treeless poor mires, especially in Southern Ostrobothnia, Western Finland.
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Forestry drainage of sparsely tree covered and treeless poor mires was studied on the basis of mire type and drainage knowledge of peat investigation reports of the Geological Survey of Finland. The material was checked by aerial photos and field investigations, and from the drainage plarts of the organisation responsible for the drainage. Drainage of the studied mire types is known to be unprofitable. The propor-tion of unprofitably drained mire types of each studied mire was calculated. Of the total mire area studied, 79891 ha, some 13800 ha was unprofitably ameliorated, i.e. 35 % of total drained area on the studied mires. In Southern Ostrobothnia 2190 ha was studied in detail There 650 ha had been unprofitably drained, i.e. 30 % of drained area. The reason for the unprofitability of the amelioration was usually false deter-mination of mire types. The amount of trees on the mires has also often been overestimated. The results cannot be generalized to all mires and ameliorations in Finland, because the studied mires were rather large, minimum area being 20 ha. On such mires the proportion of poor sparsely tree covered and treeless mire types is greater than on finhish mires in general. Smaller mires are often densely tree covered pine or spruce swamps, the amelioration of which is usually profitable. The confidence of the results is best in Southern Ostrobothnia, where also some small mires were studied. Further investigations are anyway necessary.
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Heikkilä,
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Humushapot edistävat mikrobiaalista rautasaostumien muodostumista suovesissa.
English title: Humic acids and microorganisms stimulate the precipitation of iron in bogs.
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Humic acids and certain thiobacilli and blue-green algae (Beggiatoa and Oscillatoria species) found in peat water stimulated the precipitation of oxidized iron products both in natural water and in laboratory cultures. The complex Fe (II)/Fe (III) humates had a considerably lower redox potential than Fe (II)/Fe (III) sulphate (488 vs. 782 mV at pH 2.0, 25 °C). Oxygen consumption in excess of the endogenous rate occurring during the oxidation of Fe (II) to Fe (III) was significantly higher in the presence of humic acids and pyrophosphates than in that of sulphates and oxalates, for instance. The presence of microorganisms and high amounts of humic acids in some natural water samples may be the main reason for the iron precipitation, since no other significant differences could be observed between water containing high or low amounts of ferruginous iron oxidate deposits.
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Lähdesmäki,
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
Siipikaira ojituksen suunnittelussa.
English title: Vane test in planning of ditching.
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The paper discusses the use of vane test in the planning of forest ditching on peatland. A good correlation was found between the measured shear strength of peat and the quality of ditches after digging.
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Saarilahti,
Sähköposti:
ei.tietoa@nn.oo
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